German 1A
Course Description:
German 1A is the first semester of a two-semester course. In German 1A, students will begin their language-learning journey by gaining the skills needed to talk about themselves and their immediate environment. Students will learn to introduce themselves, share some basic personal information, talk about their family and friends, discuss what they like to do for fun, and describe their daily routine at home and school. The class takes a proficiency-based approach, which is informed by current language acquisition research and the ACTFL performance descriptors for novice language learners. A heavy focus is put on German-speaking cultures around the world, with grammar being learned implicitly through input and meaning-based activities. Throughout the 4 Modules, each containing 3 units, students’ language learning is guided by Can Do statements which focus on specific language abilities, such as "I can greet others and introduce myself."
Course Details:
| Course Title (District): | German 1A | ||||||||||
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| Course Title (NCES SCED) : | German I | ||||||||||
| Course Provider : | Michigan Virtual | ||||||||||
| Content Provided By : | Michigan Virtual | ||||||||||
| Online Instructor Provided By : | Michigan Virtual | ||||||||||
| Standards Addressed : | Michigan Merit Curriculum, National Collegiate Athletic Association, American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages | ||||||||||
| Alignment Document : | https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Q017hfsgDfK-FnuF33W2NcecKzN82vmX0v3qncNz-mQ/edit?usp=sharing | ||||||||||
| Academic Terms : | Semester, Trimester, Accelerated, Open Entry / Fixed End | ||||||||||
| NCES SCED Code : 24252 |
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How To Enroll:
| Enrollment Website : | https://slp.michiganvirtual.org/ |
|---|---|
| Email : | [email protected] |
| Phone : | (888) 889-2840 |
Students and Parents: It is important to work closely with your local school counselor or registrar to follow the school's enrollment procedures. By clicking the "Start Registration Request" button below, you will be able to notify the school of your interest in registering for the online course. However, it is the responsibility of the district or school to review the registration request and approve or deny the request. Please make a note to follow up with your school after submitting a registration request.
Additional Course Information:
- Email: [email protected]
- Phone: (888) 889-2840
Additional Cost: $0.0
Additional Cost Description:
NA
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to...
Introduce and give basic information about themselves
Describe basic information about their family, friends, and acquaintances
Explain basic information about their hobbies, habits, and activities
Identify activities related to their daily life at home and school
Compare products, practices, and perspectives of German-speaking cultures with those of their own
iNACOL National Standards for Quality Online Courses
| Academic Content Standards and Assessments | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| The goals and objectives clearly state what the participants will know or be able to do at the end of the course. The goals and objectives are measurable in multiple ways. | Fully Met | |
| The course content and assignments are aligned with the state’s content standards, Common Core curriculum, or other accepted content standards set for Advanced Placement® courses, technology, computer science, or other courses whose content is not included in the state standards. | Fully Met | |
| The course content and assignments are of sufficient rigor, depth and breadth to teach the standards being addressed. | Fully Met | |
| Information literacy and communication skills are incorporated and taught as an integral part of the curriculum. | Fully Met | |
| Multiple learning resources and materials to increase student success are available to students before the course begins. | Fully Met |
| Course Overview and Introduction | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clear, complete course overview and syllabus are included in the course. | Fully Met | |
| Course requirements are consistent with course goals, are representative of the scope of the course and are clearly stated. | Fully Met | |
| Information is provided to students, parents and mentors on how to communicate with the online instructor and course provider. | Fully Met |
| Legal and Acceptable Use Policies | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| The course reflects multi-cultural education, and the content is accurate, current and free of bias or advertising. | Fully Met | |
| Expectations for academic integrity, use of copyrighted materials, plagiarism and netiquette (Internet etiquette) regarding lesson activities, discussions, and e-mail communications are clearly stated. | Fully Met | |
| Privacy policies are clearly stated. | Fully Met |
| Instructor Resources | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Online instructor resources and notes are included. | Fully Met | |
| Assessment and assignment answers and explanations are included. | Fully Met |
| Accessing Course Effectiveness | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| The course provider uses multiple ways of assessing course effectiveness. | Fully Met | |
| The course is evaluated using a continuous improvement cycle for effectiveness and the findings used as a basis for improvement. | Fully Met |
| Course Updates | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| The course is updated periodically to ensure that the content is current. | Fully Met |
| Certification | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Course instructors, whether faceto-face or virtual, are certificated and “highly qualified.” The online course teacher possesses a teaching credential from a state-licensing agency and is “highly qualified” as defined under ESEA. | Fully Met |
| Instructor and Student Support | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Professional development about the online course delivery system is offered by the provider to assure effective use of the courseware and various instructional media available. | Fully Met | |
| The course provider offers technical support and course management assistance to students, the course instructor, and the school coordinator. | Fully Met | |
| Course instructors, whether face-to-face or virtual, have been provided professional development in the behavioral, social, and when necessary, emotional, aspects of the learning environment. | Fully Met | |
| Course instructors, whether face-to-face or virtual, receive instructor professional development, which includes the support and use of a variety of communication modes to stimulate student engagement online. | Fully Met | |
| The provider assures that course instructors, whether face-to-face or virtual, are provided support, as needed, to ensure their effectiveness and success in meeting the needs of online students. | Fully Met | |
| Students are offered an orientation for taking an online course before starting the coursework. | Fully Met |
| Instructional and Audience Analysis | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Course design reflects a clear understanding of all students’ needs and incorporates varied ways to learn and master the curriculum. | Fully Met |
| Course, Unit and Lesson Design | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| The course is organized by units and lessons that fall into a logical sequence. Each unit and lesson includes an overview describing objectives, activities, assignments, assessments, and resources to provide multiple learning opportunities for students to master the content. | Fully Met |
| Instructional Strategies and Activities | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| The course instruction includes activities that engage students in active learning. | Fully Met | |
| The course and course instructor provide students with multiple learning paths, based on student needs that engage students in a variety of ways. | Fully Met | |
| The course provides opportunities for students to engage in higher-order thinking, critical reasoning activities and thinking in increasingly complex ways. | Fully Met | |
| The course provides options for the instructor to adapt learning activities to accommodate students’ needs. | Fully Met | |
| Readability levels, written language assignments and mathematical requirements are appropriate for the course content and grade-level expectations. | Fully Met |
| Communication and Interaction | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| The course design provides opportunities for appropriate instructor-student interaction, including opportunities for timely and frequent feedback about student progress. | Fully Met | |
| The course design includes explicit communication/activities (both before and during the first week of the course) that confirms whether students are engaged and are progressing through the course. The instructor will follow program guidelines to address non-responsive students. | Fully Met | |
| The course provides opportunities for appropriate instructor-student and student-student interaction to foster mastery and application of the material. | Fully Met |
| Resources and Materials | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Students have access to resources that enrich the course content. | Fully Met |
| Evaluation Strategies | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Student evaluation strategies are consistent with course goals and objectives, are representative of the scope of the course and are clearly stated. | Fully Met | |
| The course structure includes adequate and appropriate methods and procedures to assess students’ mastery of content. | Fully Met |
| Feedback | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Ongoing, varied, and frequent assessments are conducted throughout the course to inform instruction. | Fully Met | |
| Assessment strategies and tools make the student continuously aware of his/her progress in class and mastery of the content. | Fully Met |
| Assessment Resources and Materials | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Assessment materials provide the instructor with the flexibility to assess students in a variety of ways. | Fully Met | |
| Grading rubrics are provided to the instructor and may be shared with students. | Fully Met | |
| The grading policy and practices are easy to understand. | Fully Met |
| Course Architecture | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| The course architecture permits the online instructor to add content, activities and assessments to extend learning opportunities. | Fully Met | |
| The course accommodates multiple school calendars; e.g., block, 4X4 and traditional schedules. | Fully Met |
| User Interface | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clear and consistent navigation is present throughout the course. | Fully Met | |
| Rich media are provided in multiple formats for ease of use and access in order to address diverse student needs. | Fully Met |
| Technology Requirements and Interoperability | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| All technology requirements (including hardware, browser, software, etc...) are specified. | Fully Met | |
| Prerequisite skills in the use of technology are identified. | Fully Met | |
| The course uses content-specific tools and software appropriately. | Fully Met | |
| The course is designed to meet internationally recognized interoperability standards. | Fully Met | |
| Copyright and licensing status, including permission to share where applicable, is clearly stated and easily found. | Fully Met |
| Accessibility | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Course materials and activities are designed to provide appropriate access to all students. The course, developed with universal design principles in mind, conforms to the U.S. Section 504 and Section 508 provisions for electronic and information technology as well as the W3C’s Web Content Accessibility guidelines (WCAg 2.0). | Fully Met |
| Data Security | Rating | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Student information remains confidential, as required by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). | Fully Met |
Review Conducted By: Quality Matters
Date of Review:
08/13/2018
NSQ National Standards for Quality Online Courses
| Rating | Comments | |
|---|---|---|
| B8. The online course is free of adult content and avoids unnecessary advertisements.* | Fully Met | |
| B9. Copyright and licensing status for any third-party content is appropriately cited and easily found. | Fully Met | |
| B10. Documentation and other support materials are available to support effective online course facilitation.* | Fully Met | |
| B1. The online course objectives or competencies are measurable and clearly state what the learner will be able to demonstrate as a result of successfully completing the course.* | Fully Met | |
| B2. The online course expectations are consistent with course-level objectives or competencies, are representative of the structure of the course, and are clearly stated. | Fully Met | |
| B3. The online course content is aligned with accepted state and/or other accepted content standards, where applicable.* | Fully Met | |
| B4. Digital literacy and communication skills are incorporated and taught as an integral part of the curriculum.* | Fully Met | |
| B5. Supplemental learning resources and related instructional materials are available to support and enrich learning and are aligned to the specific content being delivered.* | Fully Met | |
| B6. The online course content and supporting materials reflect a culturally diverse perspective that is free of bias.* | Fully Met | |
| B7. The online course materials (e.g., textbooks, primary source documents, OER) that support course content standards are accurate and current. | Fully Met |
| Rating | Comments | |
|---|---|---|
| C1. The online course design includes activities that guide learners toward promoting ownership of their learning and self-monitoring. | Fully Met | |
| C2. The online course’s content and learning activities promote the achievement of the stated learning objectives or competencies. | Fully Met | |
| C3. The online course is organized by units and lessons that fall into a logical sequence. | Fully Met | |
| C4. The online course content is appropriate to the reading level of the intended learners.* | Fully Met | |
| C5. The online course design includes introductory assignments or activities to engage learners within the first week of the course. | Fully Met | |
| C6. The online course provides learners with multiple learning paths as appropriate, based on learner needs, that engage learners in a variety of ways. | Fully Met | |
| C7. The online course provides regular opportunities for learner-learner interaction. | Fully Met | |
| C8. The online course design provides opportunities for learner-instructor interaction, including opportunities for regular feedback about learner progress.* | Fully Met | |
| C9. Online course instructional materials and resources present content in an effective, engaging, and appropriate manner.* | Fully Met |
| Rating | Comments | |
|---|---|---|
| A1. A course overview and syllabus are included in the online course | Fully Met | |
| A2. Minimum computer skills and digital literacy skills expected of the learner are clearly stated.* | Fully Met | |
| A3. The instructor’s biographical information and information on how to communicate with the instructor are provided to learners and other stakeholders. | Fully Met | |
| A4. Learner expectations and policies are clearly stated and readily accessible within the introductory material of the course. | Fully Met | |
| A5. Minimum technology requirements for the course are clearly stated, and information on how to obtain the technologies is provided.* | Fully Met | |
| A6. Grading policies and practices are clearly defined in accordance with course content learning expectations. | Fully Met | |
| A7. The online course provides a clear description or link to the technical support offered and how to obtain it.* | Fully Met | |
| A8. Learners are offered an orientation prior to the start of the online course. | Fully Met |
| Rating | Comments | |
|---|---|---|
| D1. Learner assessments are linked to stated course, unit, or lesson-level objectives or competencies. | Fully Met | |
| D2. Valid course assessments measure learner progress toward mastery of content. | Fully Met | |
| D3. Assessment practices provide routine and varied opportunities for self-monitoring and reflection of learning.* | Fully Met | |
| D4. Assessment materials provide the learner with the flexibility to demonstrate mastery in a variety of ways.* | Fully Met | |
| D5. Rubrics that clearly define expectations for varied levels of proficiency are created and shared with learners.* | Fully Met |
| Rating | Comments | |
|---|---|---|
| E1. Online course navigation is logical, consistent, and efficient from the learner’s point of view.* | Fully Met | |
| E2. The online course design facilitates readability.* | Fully Met | |
| E3. The online course provides accessible course materials and activities to meet the needs of diverse learners.* | Fully Met | |
| E4. Course multimedia facilitate ease of use.* | Fully Met | |
| E5. Vendor accessibility statements are provided for all technologies required in the course.* | Fully Met |
| Rating | Comments | |
|---|---|---|
| F1. Educational tools ensure learner privacy and maintain confidentiality of learner information in accordance with local, state, and national laws for learner data. | Fully Met | |
| F2. The online course tools support the learning objectives or competencies.* | Fully Met | |
| F3. The online course provides options for the instructor to adapt learning activities to accommodate learners’ needs and preferences.* | Fully Met | |
| F4. The course allows instructors to control the release of content.* | Fully Met | |
| F5. The course provides the necessary technical functionality to score and record assessments and calculate earned course points or grades.* | Fully Met |
| Rating | Comments | |
|---|---|---|
| G1. The online course uses multiple methods and sources of input for assessing course effectiveness. | Fully Met | |
| G2. The online course is reviewed to ensure that the course is current. | Fully Met | |
| G3. The online course is updated on a continuous improvement cycle for effectiveness based on the findings from ongoing reviews. | Fully Met |
Review Conducted By: Quality Matters
Date of Review:
07/11/2023
Module 1: Ich bin’s
Module 2: Meine Familie und Freunde
Module 3: Meine Freizeit
Module 4: Zu Hause und in der Schule
| Term Type | Enrollment Opens | Enrollment Ends | Random Draw Date | Enrollment Drop Date | Course Starts | Course Ends | # of Seats | Course Fee | Potential Additional Costs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 01/17/2025 | 01/03/2025 | 05/23/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 01/24/2025 | 01/10/2025 | 05/30/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 01/31/2025 | 01/17/2025 | 06/06/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 02/07/2025 | 01/24/2025 | 06/13/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 02/14/2025 | 01/31/2025 | 06/20/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 02/21/2025 | 02/07/2025 | 06/20/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 02/28/2025 | 02/14/2025 | 06/20/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 03/07/2025 | 02/21/2025 | 06/20/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 03/14/2025 | 02/28/2025 | 06/20/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 03/21/2025 | 03/07/2025 | 06/20/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Accelerated | 01/02/2025 | 06/27/2025 | 04/01/2025 | 06/06/2025 | 05/23/2025 | 08/01/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Accelerated | 01/02/2025 | 06/27/2025 | 04/01/2025 | 06/13/2025 | 05/30/2025 | 08/08/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Accelerated | 01/02/2025 | 06/27/2025 | 04/01/2025 | 06/20/2025 | 06/06/2025 | 08/15/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Trimester | 03/29/2024 | 01/03/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 12/06/2024 | 11/22/2024 | 02/21/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Trimester | 03/29/2024 | 01/03/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 12/20/2024 | 12/06/2024 | 03/07/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Trimester | 03/29/2024 | 01/03/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 12/27/2024 | 12/13/2024 | 03/14/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Trimester | 03/29/2024 | 01/03/2025 | 07/01/2024 | 01/03/2025 | 12/20/2024 | 03/21/2025 | 100 | $350 | $0 |
| Drop Policy | Completion Policy | Term Type | Enrollment Opens | Enrollment Ends |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Semester | 03/29/2024 | 03/14/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Accelerated | 01/02/2025 | 06/27/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Accelerated | 01/02/2025 | 06/27/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Accelerated | 01/02/2025 | 06/27/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Trimester | 03/29/2024 | 01/03/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Trimester | 03/29/2024 | 01/03/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Trimester | 03/29/2024 | 01/03/2025 |
| Students have 14 days from the enrollment start date to drop the course and receive a full refund. No refunds are given after 14 days. Drop dates are calculated and what is posted is the last possible drop date for enrollments created within the enrollment window. | Students may access their course from their enrollment start date to their enrollment end date. A completion is a 60% final score or higher. | Trimester | 03/29/2024 | 01/03/2025 |
Students can use email or the private message system within the Student Learning Portal to access highly qualified teachers when they need instructor assistance. Students will also receive feedback on their work inside the learning management system. The Instructor Info area of their course may describe additional communication options.
| School Year | Enrollment Count | Pass Count | Completion Rate | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23-24 | 173 | 156 | 90.17% | |
| 22-23 | 218 | 203 | 93.12% | |
| 21-22 | 224 | 198 | 88.39% | |
| 19-20 | 289 | 183 | 63.32% | |
| 18-19 | 327 | 198 | 60.55% |
Students will need a computer device with headphones, a microphone, webcam, up-to-date Chrome Web Browser, and access to YouTube. NOTE: Students must possess a working microphone and webcam on their device in order to record and submit audio and video files using either the embedded recording tools within the Brightspace learning management system or another means of recording and submitting audio and video files for world language performance assessments.
Please review the Michigan Virtual Technology Requirements: https://michiganvirtual.org/about/support/knowledge-base/technical-requirements/